Guidelines for the Presentation of Essays

A written assignment is expected to be a polished and well thought-out piece of work. As such it shows evidence of planning and organisation. This can be achieved by careful reading around the topic, by making an outline before writing, and by redrafting the essay several times. Care should be taken to understand the question or topic fully before writing.

Normally scholarly writing is addressed to an academic audience, but students should check on the particular expectations of individual lecturers and specific disciplines.

An essay is a unity of many parts. It has a title, which is typed on the top of the first page. This provides the reader’s first insight into what he or she is about to read. It should correspond both to the contents of the essay and to the topic set by the lecturer. An introduction informs the reader clearly about the intent of the essay and provides a stimulus to continue reading. Section headings may well be prompted by an outline and should show the general drift of the argument in the body of the essay. A conclusion summarises the findings and will sometimes need to justify what has gone on in the essay in relation to the original intention.

The quality of language is important. This involves choice of words, grammar, syntax and punctuation. Books are available which help in each of these areas. John Clancy and Brigid Ballard’s Essay Writing for Students (Melbourne: Longman Cheshire, 1991) is a currently popular general work. Often reading the next to final draft aloud will pinpoint awkwardness of expression, unclear formulation, typing mistakes, and even improper punctuation.

Language that would give offence to reasonable members of the community by reason of the way in which it implies or refers to gender is not acceptable.

Assignments are written on A4 paper with at least a 3 cm left margin and a smaller right margin. Clearly legible handwriting penned on alternate lines is accepted, but typing is much preferred.

The text is double spaced, and the first line of a paragraph is indented. No extra space is left between paragraphs. Short quotations are placed between inverted commas, but quotations of more than three lines or of more than one sentence are typed single space without quotation marks, and the whole paragraph is indented four spaces. Quotations, however, should be kept to a minimum. Foreign words and titles of books are underlined or italicised. Pages are numbered.

Either footnotes or endnotes are acceptable. These are used for referencing and for providing the original language text of a quotation translated by the writer. Less frequently they are used for further argument that would not sit easily in the text and for recognition of tangential issues. In so far as it is possible, footnote numbers in the text should occur at the end of sentences after the stop so as not to distract the reader in mid sentence. Short Scripture references and the like are often better included within brackets in the text.

Plagiarism is regarded as serious academic misconduct and complaints are dealt with by the Academic Misconduct Committee. All students have received a copy of the BBI Academic Misconduct Procedures, which are also available on the BBI website.

Plagiarism consists in intentional or unintentional use of somebody else’s words or ideas without proper acknowledgment. In our society and its academic establishments it is absolutely prohibited and can lead to severe penalties. Plagiarism is easily avoided by means of suitable methods of documentation which are discussed below.

Student assignments are usually heavily dependent on other sources, and often a student’s major achievement will be associated with the discovery and restatement of somebody else’s ideas. All written assignments must acknowledge these sources.

Misrepresentation is the giving of false or misleading information in academic matters. It includes falsely claiming credit for past study; falsely stating that thesis material has not been used in another thesis; submitting an assessment item that has previously been submitted in another course unit.

Documentation has three purposes: acknowledgment of sources so as to avoid plagiarism; nomination of authorities in support of an argument; assistance to the reader in finding the original sources quickly and easily. It takes two forms:

1. References, which occur in footnotes, give detailed information about specific parts of the text.
2. Bibliography which lists the major works that are relevant to the essay and to its subject matter and that have been consulted in preparing the essay.

Different systems of documentation are used by different institutions and publications. They are explained in various style manuals. One may have to use different styles in different situations, but it is important to be well versed in one that is clear, consistent and complete.

The policy of this college is that references be by way of footnotes and in the style of Kate L Turabian’s A Manual for Writers of Term Papers, Theses, and Dissertations, 5th edition, revised by Bonnie Birtwistle Honigsblum (Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1987). Two adjustments are recommended:

• Final punctuation should be outside inverted commas according to Australian practice.
• Footnotes and footnote numbers are acceptable in whatever format a word processor does them..

Below are some common examples of materials and how to cite them. The first example [N] is such as you would use in your footnotes or endnotes. The second example [S] is for subsequent references in your footnotes or endnotes. The third example [B] is such as you would use in your Bibliography. The number in [N] references is a sample footnote number and has no significance other than that.

Most difficulties with respect to references can be resolved by recognizing that the reader needs sufficient information to find the precise text quickly and easily. In references, the abbreviations p., vol., etc., are used only when their omission would cause confusion.

Online sources that are analogous to print sources (such as articles published in online journals, magazines, or newspapers) should be cited similarly to their print counterparts but with the addition of a URL. Some publishers or disciplines may also require an access date. For online or other electronic sources that do not have a direct print counterpart (such as an institutional Web site or a Weblog), give as much information as you can in addition to the URL. The following examples include some of the most common types of electronic sources.

This document is divided into two parts, Print Media and Electronic Media.

Book

One author
N: Wendy Doniger, Splitting the Difference (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1999), 65.
S: Doniger, Splitting the Difference, 65.
B: Doniger, Wendy. Splitting the Difference. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1999.

Two authors
N: Guy Cowlishaw and Robin Dunbar, Primate Conservation Biology (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2000), 104–7.
S: Cowlishaw and Dunbar, Primate Conversation Biology, 104-7.
B: Cowlishaw, Guy, and Robin Dunbar. Primate Conservation Biology. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2000.

Four or more authors
N: Edward O. Laumann et al., The Social Organization of Sexuality: Sexual Practices in the United States (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1994), 262.
S: Laumann et al., The Social Organisation of Sexuality, 262.
B: Laumann, Edward O., John H. Gagnon, Robert T. Michael, and Stuart Michaels. The Social Organization of Sexuality: Sexual Practices in the United States. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1994.

Editor, translator, or compiler instead of author
N: Richmond Lattimore, trans., The Iliad of Homer (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1951), 91–92.
S: Lattimore, The Iliad of Homer, 91-92.
B: Lattimore, Richmond, trans. The Iliad of Homer. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1951.

Editor, translator, or compiler in addition to author
N: Yves Bonnefoy, New and Selected Poems, ed. John Naughton and Anthony Rudolf (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1995), 22.
S: Bonnefoy, New and Selected Poems, 22.
B: Bonnefoy, Yves. New and Selected Poems. Edited by John Naughton and Anthony Rudolf. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1995.

The book is part of a series
N: As per N above
S: As per S above
B: Teresa of Avila, Saint. The Interior Castle. (The Collected Works of Teresa of Avila Vol. 2) Washington DC: ICS, 1980.

Chapter or other part of a book
N: Andrew Wiese, “‘The House I Live In’: Race, Class, and African American Suburban Dreams in the Postwar United States,” in The New Suburban History, ed. Kevin M. Kruse and Thomas J. Sugrue (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2006), 101–2.
S: Wiese, “The House I Live In”, 101-2.
B: Wiese, Andrew. “‘The House I Live In’: Race, Class, and African American Suburban Dreams in the Postwar United States.” In The New Suburban History, edited by Kevin M. Kruse and Thomas J. Sugrue, 99–119. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2006.

Chapter of an edited volume originally published elsewhere (as in primary sources)
N: Quintus Tullius Cicero. “Handbook on Canvassing for the Consulship,” in Rome: Late Republic and Principate, ed. Walter Emil Kaegi Jr. and Peter White, vol. 2 of University of Chicago Readings in Western Civilization, ed. John Boyer and Julius Kirshner (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1986), 35.
S: Cicero, “Handbook for Canvassing for the Consulship”, 35.
B: Cicero, Quintus Tullius. “Handbook on Canvassing for the Consulship.” In Rome: Late Republic and Principate, edited by Walter Emil Kaegi Jr. and Peter White. Vol. 2 of University of Chicago Readings in Western Civilization, edited by John Boyer and Julius Kirshner, 33–46. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1986. Originally published in Evelyn S. Shuckburgh, trans., The Letters of Cicero, vol. 1 (London: George Bell & Sons, 1908).

Preface, foreword, introduction, or similar part of a book
N: James Rieger, introduction to Frankenstein; or, The Modern Prometheus, by Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1982), xx–xxi.
S: Rieger, in Frankenstein; or, The Modern Prometheus, xx-xxi.
B: Rieger, James. Introduction to Frankenstein; or, The Modern Prometheus, by Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley, xi–xxxvii. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1982.

Journal article

Article in a print journal
N: John Maynard Smith, “The Origin of Altruism,” Nature 393 (1998): 639.
S: Smith, “The Origin of Altruism”, 639.
B: Smith, John Maynard. “The Origin of Altruism.” Nature 393 (1998): 639–40.

Article in an online journal
If an access date is required by your publisher or discipline, include it parenthetically at the end of the citation, as in the fourth example below.
N: Mark A. Hlatky et al., "Quality-of-Life and Depressive Symptoms in Postmenopausal Women after Receiving Hormone Therapy: Results from the Heart and Estrogen/Progestin Replacement Study (HERS) Trial," Journal of the American Medical Association 287, no. 5 (2002), http://jama.ama-assn.org/issues/v287n5/rfull/joc10108.html#aainfo.
S:Hlatky et al., “Quality-of-Life and Depressive Symptoms in Postmenopausal Women After Receiving Hormone Therapy”.
B: Hlatky, Mark A., Derek Boothroyd, Eric Vittinghoff, Penny Sharp, and Mary A.         Whooley. "Quality-of-Life and Depressive Symptoms in Postmenopausal Women after Receiving Hormone Therapy: Results from the Heart and Estrogen/Progestin Replacement Study (HERS) Trial." Journal of the American Medical Association 287, no. 5 (February 6, 2002), http://jama.ama-assn.org/issues/v287n5/rfull/joc10108.html#aainfo.

Popular magazine article
N: Steve Martin, “Sports-Interview Shocker,” New Yorker, May 6, 2002, 84.
S: Martin, “Sports-Interview Shocker,” 84.
B: Martin, Steve. “Sports-Interview Shocker.” New Yorker, May 6, 2002.

Newspaper article

Newspaper articles may be cited in running text (“As William Niederkorn noted in a New York Times article on June 20, 2002, . . . ”) instead of in a note or an in-text citation, and they are commonly omitted from a bibliography or reference list as well. The following examples show the more formal versions of the citations.
N: William S. Niederkorn, “A Scholar Recants on His ‘Shakespeare’ Discovery,” New York Times, June 20, 2002, Arts section, Midwest edition.
S: Neiderkorn, “A Scholar Recants on His ‘Shakespeare’ Discovery’.
B: Niederkorn, William S. “A Scholar Recants on His ‘Shakespeare’ Discovery.” New York Times, June 20, 2002, Arts section, Midwest edition.

Book review

N: James Gorman, “Endangered Species,” review of The Last American Man, by Elizabeth Gilbert, New York Times Book Review, June 2, 2002, 16.
S: Gorman, “Endangered Species,” 16.
B: Gorman, James. “Endangered Species.” Review of The Last American Man, by Elizabeth Gilbert. New York Times Book Review, June 2, 2002.

Thesis or dissertation

N: M. Amundin, “Click Repetition Rate Patterns in Communicative Sounds from the Harbour Porpoise, Phocoena phocoena” (PhD diss., Stockholm University, 1991), 22–29, 35.
S: Amundin, “Click Repetition Rate Patterns in Communicative Sounds,” 22-29, 35.
B: Amundin, M. “Click Repetition Rate Patterns in Communicative Sounds from the Harbour Porpoise, Phocoena phocoena.” PhD diss., Stockholm University, 1991.

Paper presented at a meeting or conference
N: Brian Doyle, “Howling Like Dogs: Metaphorical Language in Psalm 59” (paper presented at the annual international meeting for the Society of Biblical Literature, Berlin, Germany, June 19–22, 2002).
S: Doyle, “Howling Like Dogs”.
B: Doyle, Brian. “Howling Like Dogs: Metaphorical Language in Psalm 59.” Paper presented at the annual international meeting for the Society of Biblical Literature, Berlin, Germany, June 19–22, 2002.

Standard Reference Works

Standard reference works, bibles, dictionaries and general encyclopedias are not usually listed in bibliographies unless of special significance to the essay.

Recommended Scriptural References

Gen	Ex	Lev	Num	Duet	Josh
Jgs	Rth	1 Sam	2 Sam	1 Kgs	2 Kgs
1 Chr	2 Chr	Ezr	Neh	Tob	Jdt
Esth	1 Mac	2 Mac	Job	Ps(s)	Prov
Qoh	Song	Wis	Sir	Is	Jer
Lam	Bar	Ezek	Dan	Hos	Joel
Amos	Obad	Jonah	Mic	Nah	Hab
Zeph	Hag	Zech	Mal
Mt	Mk	Lk	Jn	Acts	Rom
1 Cor	2 Cor	Gal	Eph	Phil	Col
1 Thess	2 Thess	1 Tim	2 Tim	Tit	Philm
Heb	Jas	1 Pet	2 Pet	1 Jn	2 Jn
3 Jn	Jude	Rev

References for Scriptural Quotations

(e.g.) Gen 49:8; 1 Sam 22:13; Mk 5:1-20, 35-43; 6:1-6; 9:1 - 10:12.
Do not use f. or ff., but include all verse numbers. Scripture references can usually be included in brackets within the text.

Acceptable Abbreviations

Anon.        anonymous
c., ca.        about, approx (dates)
cf.              compare
ch(s).        chapter(s)
ed.             editor, edition, edited by
e.g.            for example
esp.           especially
et al.          and others (persons and things)
f., ff.          and the following pages(s)
ibid.           in the same place (refers to the previous note)
i.e.             that is
intro.         introduction, introduced
MS, MS.    Manuscript(s)
n.               note
n.d., n.n., no date, no number
no(s).        number(s)
p., pp.       page(s)
passim      throughout the work mentioned
q.v.            which see (“and look this up too”)
rev.           review, reviewed by, reviewed in, revised, revised by
(sic)           thus (used to indicate that the text is quoted exactly despite appearances, e.g. with wrong spellings)
s.v.            under the word (for encyclopaedia articles)
trans.        translation, translated by
viz.            namely
vol (s).      volume(s)

Electronic Media

To document a file available for viewing and downloading via the World Wide Web, provide the following information:

• Author's name
• Title of document, in quotation marks
• Title of complete work (if relevant), in italics or underlined
• Date of publication or last revision
• URL, in angle brackets
• Date of access, in parentheses

Below we only cite first reference entries [N].  Subsequent entries [S] should be shortened forms, following the style in the previous section.

Bibliography

Bibliographical entries [B] are not given for every example below, it is best to follow these guidelines with regard to them.
Bibliographical [B] entries differ from first note references in the following ways:

1.   Authors' names are inverted.
2.   Elements of entries are separated by periods.
3.   The first line of each entry is flush with the left margin, and subsequent
      lines are indented three or four spaces.

If the rest of your manuscript is typed double-spaced, double-space the Bibliography as well.
Compare the following note with the corresponding Bibliography entry:
N:       
Jason Crawford Teague, "Frames in Action," Kairos: A Journal for Teachers of Writing in Webbed Environments 2, no. 1, August 20, 1998. http://english .ttu.edu/kairos/2.1 (7 October 1999).
B:       
Teague, Jason Crawford. "Frames in Action." Kairos: A Journal for
          Teachers of Writing in Webbed Environments 2, no. 1, August
          20,1998. <http://english.ttu.edu/kairos/2.1> (7 October 1999).

Electronic Book

If a book is available in more than one format, you should cite the version you consulted, but you may also list the other formats, as in the second example below. If an access date is required by your publisher or discipline, include it parenthetically at the end of the citation, as in the first example below.
N:
Philip B. Kurland and Ralph Lerner, eds., The Founders’ Constitution (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1987), http://press-pubs.uchicago.edu/founders/ (accessed June 27, 2006).
S:        
Kurland and Lerner, The Founder’s Constitution.
B:
Kurland, Philip B., and Ralph Lerner, eds. The Founders’ Constitution. Chicago:       University of Chicago Press, 1987. http://press-pubs.uchicago.edu/founders/. Also available in print form and as a CD-ROM.

The Following examples are all for first references [N].  Subsequent references [S] should be shortenings.  Bibliographical references [B] follow the guidelines at the head of this section Electronic Media.

Personal site

Joseph Pellegrino, "Homepage," 12 May 1999, http://www.english.eku.edu/pellegrino/default.htm (12 June 1999).

Professional site

Gail Mortimer, The William Faulkner Society Home Page, 16 September 1999, http://www.utep.edu/mortimer/faulkner/main faulkner.htm (19 November 1997).
National Association of Investors Corporation, NAIC Online, 20 September 1999, http://www.better-investing.org (1 October 1999).

Online Book

An online book may be the electronic text of part or all of the printed book, or a book-length document available only on the Internet (e.g., a work of hyperfiction).
Peter J. Bryant, "The Age of Mammals," in Biodiversity and Conservation April 1999, http://darwin.bio.uci.edu/~sustain/bio65/index.html (11 May 1999).

Article in an electronic journal (ejournal)

Tonya Browning, "Embedded Visuals: Student Design in Web Spaces," Kairos: A Journal for Teachers of Writing in Webbed Environments 3, no. 1 (1997), <http://english.ttu.edu/kairos /2.1/features/browning/index.html> (21 October 1999).

Digital library

Journal articles published in online databases should be cited as shown below. If an access date is required by your publisher or discipline, include it parenthetically at the end of the citation, as in the first example below.
N:
Pliny the Elder, The Natural History, ed. John Bostock and H. T. Riley, in the Perseus Digital Library, http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?lookup=Plin.+Nat.+1.dedication (accessed November 17, 2005).
B:
Perseus Digital Library. http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/.

Article in an electronic magazine (ezine)

Nathan Myhrvold, "Confessions of a Cybershaman," Slate, 12 June 1997, http://www .slate.com/CriticalMass/97-06-12/CriticalMass.asp (19 October 1997).

Newspaper article

Christopher Wren, "A Body on Mt. Everest, a Mystery Half-Solved," New York Times on the Web, 5 May 1999, http://search.nytimes.com/search/daily/bin/fastweb?getdoc+site+ site+87604+0+wAAA+%22a%7Ebody%7Eon%7Emt.%7Eeverest%22 (13 May 1999).

Review

Michael Parfit, review of The Climb: Tragic Ambitions on Everest, by Anatoli Boukreev and G. Weston DeWalt, New York Times on the Web, 7 December 1997, http://search.nytimes.com/ books/97/12/07/reviews/971207.07parfitt.html

Government publication

George Bush, "Principles of Ethical Conduct for Government Officers and Employees," Executive Order 12674, 12 April 1989, pt. 1, http://www.usoge.gov/exorders/eo12674.html (30 October 1997).

To cite information appearing in a frame within a larger Web document, use the style above: Author's name (in normal order), document title, date of Internet publication, <URL> or other retrieval information (date of access), text division (if applicable).

Material from a Subscription Service

To document an article or other material accessed through a library or institutional subscription service such as EBSCOhost or Lexis-Nexis, provide the following information:

• Publication information for the source
• Name of database, in italics or underlined
• Name of subscription service
• Date of access, in parenthesis

Robin M. Kowalski, "Whining, griping, and complaining: Positivity in the negativity," Journal of Clinical Psychology, 58, no. 9 (2002): 1023. Academic Search Premier Database, EBSCOhost (19 December 2002).

Email message

E-mail messages may be cited in running text (“In an e-mail message to the author on October 31, 2005, John Doe revealed . . .”) instead of in a note or an in-text citation, and they are rarely listed in a bibliography or reference list. The following example shows the more formal version of a note.
To document an email message, provide the following information:

• Author's name
• Subject line, in quotation marks
• Date of sending
• Type of communication (personal email, distribution list, office communication)
• Date of access, in parentheses

N:
Norman Franke, "SoundApp 2.0.2," 29 April 1996, personal email (3 May 1996).

Danny Robinette, "Epiphany Project," 30 April 1999, office communication (29 May 1999).

John Doe, e-mail message to author (October 31, 2005).

Blogs and web discussion forum postings

Weblog entries or comments may be cited in running text (“In a comment posted to the Becker-Posner Blog on March 6, 2006, Peter Pearson noted . . .”) instead of in a note or an in-text citation, and they are commonly omitted from a bibliography or reference list as well. The following examples show the more formal versions of the citations. If an access date is required by your publisher or discipline, include it parenthetically at the end of the citation, as in the first example below.

To document a posting to a Web discussion forum, provide the following information:

• Author's name
• Title of posting, in quotation marks

• Date of posting
• URL, in angle brackets
• Date of access, in parentheses

N:
Peter Pearson, comment on “The New American Dilemma: Illegal Immigration,” The Becker-Posner Blog, comment posted March 6, 2006, http://www.becker-posner-blog.com/archives/2006/03/the_new_america.html#c080052 (March 28, 2006).
S:
Peter Pearson, comment on “The New American Dilemma: Illegal Immigration”.
B:
    Becker-Posner Blog, The. http://www.becker-posner-blog.com/

Listserv message

To document a listserv message, provide the following information:

• Author's name
• Subject line, in quotation marks
• Date of posting
• Listserv address, in angle brackets
• Date of access, in parentheses

Victor Parente, "On Expectations of Class Participation," 27 May 1996, philosed@sued.syr.edu (29 May 1996).

Norman Holland, "Re: Colorless Green Ideas," 30 May 1999, http://web.clas.ufl.edu/ipsa/psyart.htm (1 June 1999).

Newsgroup message

To document information posted in a newsgroup discussion, provide the following information:

• Author's name
• Subject line, in quotation marks
• Date of posting
• Name of newsgroup, in angle brackets
• Date of access, in parentheses

Robert Slade, "UNIX Made Easy," 26 March 1996, alt.books.reviews (31 March 1996).

If you cannot determine the author's name, then use the author's email address, enclosed in angle brackets, as the main entry. When you alphabetize such sources in your Bibliography, treat the first letter of the email address as though it were capitalized.
<lrm583@aol.com> "Thinking of Adoption," 26 May 1996, alt.adoption (29 May 1996).

Real-time communication

To document a real-time communication, such as those posted in MOOs, MUDs, and IRCs, provide the following information:

• Name of speaker(s) (if known), or name of site
• Title of event (if appropriate), in quotation marks
• Date of event
• Type of communication (group discussion, personal interview), if not indicated elsewhere in entry
• URL (in angle brackets) or other Internet address
• Date of access, in parentheses

LambdaMOO, "Seminar Discussion on Netiquette," 28 May 1996, telnet://lambda.parc .xerox.edu:8888 (28 May 1996).

Andrew Harnack, "Words," 4 April 1999, group discussion, telnet moo.du.org/port=8888 (5 April 1999).

Telnet, FTP, and gopher sites

Telnet site

The most common use of telnet is for participation in real-time communication (see 7b-6). Although the use of telnet for document retrieval has declined dramatically with increased Web access to texts, numerous archived documents are available only by telnet. To document a telnet site or a file available via telnet, provide the following information:

• Name of author or agency
• Title of document
• Date of publication
• Telnet address in angle brackets, with directions for accessing document
• Date of access, in parentheses

Aquatic Conservation Network, "About the Aquatic Conservation Network," National Capital Freenet, n.d., telnet://freenet.carleton.ca login as guest, go acn, press 1 (28 May 1999).

FTP site

To document a file for downloading via file transfer protocol, provide the following information:

• Name of author or file
• Title of document
• Size of document (if relevant)
• Date of publication (if available)
• Any print publication information, italicized or underlined where appropriate
• Complete FTP address
• Date of access, in parentheses

everest2.gif [535K], 4 April 1993, ftp.ntua.gr/pub/images/views/ sorted.by.type/Mountains/everest2.gif (3 June 1999).

John Mathews, preface to Numerical Methods for Mathematics, Science, and Engineering (Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1992), ftp://ftp.ntua.gr/pub/netlib/textbook/index.html (6 June 1999).

Gopher site

The gopher search protocol brings text files from all over the world to your computer. Popular in the early 1990s, especially in universities, gopher was a step toward the World Wide Web's hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP). Although the advent of HTML documents and their retrieval on the Web has diminished the use of gopher, many documents can still be accessed.
To document information obtained by using the gopher search protocol, provide the following information:

• Author's name
• Title of document
• Any print publication information, italicized or underlined where appropriate
• Date of online publication
• Gopher address, in angle brackets, with directions for accessing document
• Date of access, in parentheses

Jack Goody, "History and Anthropology: Convergence and Divergence," Bulletin of the Institute of Ethnology 75, no. 2 (Spring 1993): n.p., gopher://gopher.sinica.edu.tw/00/ioe/engbull/75b.txt (2 June 1999).